this study focuses on the relationship between lower-intermediate level efl learners’ metacognitive awareness and accuracy in self-assessment of a speaking test. we tried to raise the learners’ metacognitive awareness through practice in goal-setting and planning. to do so, 103 lower-intermediate level students took a pretest of speaking, completed a metacognitive awareness questionnaire, and h...

As using cue cards is not common in Iranian EFL classes, this research aimed at examining the impacts of applying on developing speaking accuracy and fluency students. Additionally, study looked how employing helped learners reduce their anxiety. Sixty 97 students who took Oxford Quick Placement Test were selected as target sample for current research. The participants then indiscriminately des...

Although second language (L2) writing is a popular topic among SLA researchers, the fact that L2 has potential to act as scaffold for speaking accuracy often overlooked. This study's objective was provide empirical evidence can be used improve of oral discourse. Twenty-three Novice and 21 Intermediate university learners Russian participated in study. They completed text reconstruction task by ...

Speaking mastery has been known as the benchmark of language learning, yet many students still find it difficult to speak with great accuracy and fluency. To widen knowledge fill gaps in existing research, this present qualitative-descriptive research is investigate how vocational see accuracy, fluency, other psychological-related aspects speaking well collecting some suggestions create a bette...

This study investigated how the Talking Chips Technique can help students to improve their speaking. The sample of this study was only one class and total number of students was 36 students. This study used a quasi experimental design and three data collection, i.e. note taking, participant observation, and speaking test. The data from observation were analyzed by using thematic analysis and ba...

PURPOSE The author compared monosyllabic Mandarin lexical tones produced by 3-year-old Mandarin-speaking children growing up in Taiwan and in the United States. METHOD Following the procedures in Wong, Schwartz, and Jenkins (2005), the author collected monosyllabic tone productions from 3-year-old Mandarin-speaking children in Taiwan and low-pass filtered them to eliminate lexical information...

This meta-analysis is an investigation into the impressibility of two dimensions of the speaking skill, namely accuracy and fluency, in relation to the experimented treatments among Iranian EFL undergraduates. Having surveyed a collected bank of 74 research reports, the relationships among the variables in the 14 included studies were examined. More specifically, the analysis involved a statist...

Discriminating speaking styles is an important issue in speech recognition, speaker recognition and speaker segmentation. This paper compares distance measures between Gaussian distributions for discriminating speaking styles. The Mahalanobis distance, the Bhattacharyya distance and the Kullback-Leibler divergence, which are in common use for a definition as a distance measure between Gaussian ...