[Purpose] This study aimed to clarify activation of the infraspinatus and scapular stabilizing muscles during shoulder external rotation at various shoulder elevation angles. [Subjects] Twenty subjects participated in this study and all measurements were performed on the right shoulder. [Methods] Isometric shoulder external rotation strength and surface electromyographic data were measured with...

background patients who have shoulder pain usually have compensatory or contributory deviation of shoulder motion during arm elevation. in the traditional scapulohumeral rhythm, the share of the acromioclavicular (ac) and the sternoclavicular (sc) joint movements and also the role of ac internal rotation angle are unknown. objectives the main purpose of this study was to measure and compare the...

Surface electrical stimulation is currently used in therapy for swallowing problems, although little is known about its physiological effects on neck muscles or swallowing. Previously, when one surface electrode placement was used in dysphagic patients at rest, it lowered the hyolaryngeal complex. Here we examined the effects of nine other placements in normal volunteers to determine 1) whether...

This paper describes the various frequency domain methods which may be used to analyze experiments data on the force experienced by a circular cylinder in wave and current to estimate drag and inertia coefficients for use in Morison’s equation. An additional approach, system identification techniques (SIT) is also introduced. A set of data obtained from experiments on heavily roughened circular...

purpose: to evaluate agreement between galilei, orbscan ii, and placido disk-based topography in terms of keratometry readings, and anterior and posterior elevation. methods: in this prospective comparative study, 184 eyes of 92 keratorefractive surgery candidates were evaluated with galilei, orbscan ii, and placido disk-based topography. keratometry readings and anterior and posterior elevatio...

The gradient of air temperature with elevation (the temperature lapse rate) in the tropics is predicted to become less steep during the coming century as surface temperature rises, enhancing the threat of warming in high-mountain environments. However, the sensitivity of the lapse rate to climate change is uncertain because of poor constraints on high-elevation temperature during past climate s...

The knowledge of tropical palaeoclimates is crucial for understanding global climate change, because it is a test bench for general circulation models that are ultimately used to predict future global warming. A longstanding issue concerning the last glacial maximum in the tropics is the discrepancy between the decrease in sea-surface temperatures reconstructed from marine proxies and the high-...