speaking assessment is still construed as a complicated, under-researched process from the vantage point of tasks and rater characteristics. the present study aimed at investigating if and how english major and none english major teachers differ in their perception of the construct of oral proficiency while assessing learners’ l2 oral proficiency.  to this end, 38 male and female non-native efl...

The use of free-floating space robots for contact tasks is very promising in exploration. However, severe damage or obvious disturbance may occur if inappropriate operation implemented. In this paper, a novel risk assessment method first proposed to give clear description the state before happens and provide guidance configuration optimization reduce on tasks. Firstly, dynamics model robot give...

Reinforcement learning has been successfully applied to several subtasks in the RoboCup simulated soccer domain. Keepaway is one such task. One notable success in the keepaway domain has been the application of SMDP Sarsa(λ) with tile-coding function approximation [9]. However, this success was achieved with the help of some significant task simplifications, including the delivery of complete, ...

In the present study, an exploratory approach (Oxford, Cho, Leung & Kim, 2004) to language learning is adopted which holds that the number and type of strategies used by Iranian learners might vary with respect to the difficulty of task and their L2 proficiency. In this regard, the term task is defined, its leading dimentions and charecteristics are put forward, and the nature of learning start...

abstract in iran, most english teachers’ method of teaching writing is merely to have students do some writing exercises or simply to give them writing tests without any instruction, but writing is not an easy task for students, and teachers should be able to do more to facilitate their students’ writing. one of the ways to aid writing is dynamic assessment via graduated prompt. the graduated p...

the main purpose of this research is to explain the elements and characteristics of religious education curriculum based on the task-oriented approach. to achieve this purpose, frankena`s model for analyzing a normative philosophy; deductive method was used. based on the results, the task-oriented the ultimate goal of religious education and then ten target interface for religious education wer...