Background "I think..." and "I believe..." are common expressions in daily life. However, it is still unknown the different cognitive processing underlying two sentences. The current study examined the difference between "think" and "believe" by using the self-reflection task in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). In traditional self-reflection task, participants were asked to judge w...

We investigated people's perception and knowledge of planar mirror reflections. People were accurate at deciding when they could first see their reflection as they approached a mirror from the side, but only if their reflection was visible. Most people stopped too early if the mirror was covered up. People also overestimated the size of the reflection of their face on the surface of a mirror if...

Reflection symmetry is an important property of human designs and biological organisms, and it is often judged to be beautiful. Previous reaction-time based studies have shown a congruency effect, where reflection symmetry facilitates processing of positive words, and random patterns facilitate negative words. But what is the neural basis of affective responses to symmetry? In Experiment 1 we r...

We present a reflection-on-action system supporting students’ reflection and self-assessment after a tabletop brainstorming learning activity. Open Learner Models (OLMs) were core to the reflection task, to scaffold student’s self-assessment of egalitarian contribution; and group interaction from ideas sparked from each other. We present multiple OLMs to the group generated from logs automatica...

A meta-analysis of Asian disease-like studies is presented to identify the factors which determine risk preference. First the confoundings between probability levels, payoffs, and framing conditions are clarified in a task analysis. Then the role of framing, reflection, probability, type, and size of payoff, is evaluated in a meta-analysis. It is shown that bidirectional framing effects exist f...

Distress tolerance (DT) is a proposed transdiagnostic factor in psychopathology, yet sources of individual differences in DT are largely unknown. The present study examined mindfulness and rumination facets as predictors of persistence on a standardized DT task (mirror tracing). Acting with awareness (a facet of mindfulness) and reflection (a potentially adaptive form of rumination) predicted i...

Reflection is a key learning objective of teacher education, yet little known about the ways in which it could be supported through assessment. In this case study (N = 14), we examine potential novel assessment task—reflective podcasting—in supporting first-year student teachers’ reflection. We analyzed group podcasts and corresponding reflections found that task engendered Three theory-driven ...