The monolithic catalytic converter is still the main pollution control device for modern vehicles in order to reach the ever-increasing legislative demands for low emission standards. The catalytic converters require a large expansion from the exhaust pipe to the front face of the monolith. Unfortunately, packaging constraints often do not permit the use of long diffusers. Hence, flow separa...

This paper introduces a model-based controller designed to minimize the total unburned hydrocarbons produced by the internal combustion engine and processed by the three way catalytic converter, during the warm-up period. We assume to feed back the temperature of the exhaust gas; having in mind to decouple the control of combustion from the control of intake manifold, we assumed as controllable...

Catalytic converters are the most effective means of reducing pollutant emissions from internal combustion engines under normal operating conditions. But the future emission requirements cannot be met by three way catalysts (TWC) as they cannot effectively remove hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from the outlet of internal combustion engines in the cold-start phase. Therefore...

This works aims to provide an understanding on basic chemical kinetics pertaining three-way catalytic (TWC) converters from educational perspective, aimed at those novel readers in this field. Rate of reactions and its factors are explained, showcasing that the chosen catalyst is main factor affecting overall rate reaction. Furthermore, overview revisit insights converter structure environmenta...