Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) encompasses all methods of non-invasive current application to the brain used in research and clinical practice. We present the first comprehensive and technical review, explaining the evolution of tES in both terminology and dosage over the past 100 years of research to present day. Current transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation (tPCS) approaches such...

It is an Intensive 1-day course for introducing utilizing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in an applied format. This technique is a noninvasive brain stimulation that uses direct electrical currents over the head to stimulate specific parts of the brain which modulates neuronal activity. It has strong potentiality in the field of medical and neuroscientific research. Anodal stimu...

in this study, the authors reported a case of woman with severe compulsion who became pregnant during the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. we carried out repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and behavior therapy simultaneously after repeated medications' refraction. the patient received 20 sessions 1 hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in right dorsolateral...

Over a decade since the initial establishment of modern transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), the field of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has blossomed to include a range of techniques (e.g., alternating current (tACS), random noise (tRNS), and pulsed current stimulation), and a diverse array of applications (e.g., depression, pain, tinnitus, stroke, and schizophrenia). At ...

Tinnitus is the perception of a sound in the absence of an external sound stimulus. This phantom sound has been related to plastic changes and hyperactivity in the auditory cortex. Different neuromodulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been used in an attempt to modify local and distant neuroplasticity as to reduce ...

006 preliminary data points to a possible effect in acute pain [8]. Other types of stimulation, such as transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation (tPCS), are also under experimental and clinical evaluation. None of the current techniques use the high energy previously related [1]. The correct parameters of stimulation to promote anesthesia, as well as the safety and efficacy of the association of...

The field of non-invasive brain stimulation has developed significantly over the last two decades. Though two techniques of noninvasive brain stimulation--transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)--are becoming established tools for research in neuroscience and for some clinical applications, related techniques that also show some promising clini...