The Roman imperial monarchy is generally studied from the vantage point of ancient Roman history: the “Roman emperor” is viewed and analyzed as an element of the Roman world. This conventional approach fails to place this institution in a broader comparative context, that of monarchical rulers across world history. Systematic comparison opens up new perspectives and is indispensable in identify...

this paper explores the possible origins of some names in 1001 nights. the names of the major characters of the night stories, and their borrowed reflexes in arabic, have been traced back to their ancient persian roots. examples from classical works are brought to argue that shahrāzād, shahriyār, and dīnāzād are not only the correct forms but more suitable to the deep structure of the frame-sto...

The antiquities of Jammu and Kashmir reveal that women might have enjoyed a high status as elsewhere in India. But ,there was a marked deterioration in the position of women. Female children were not much desired and their sufferings became endless with the beginning of inroads of Turko-Afghan tribes for whom carrying away of women formed the prized item of booty. This situation gave new dimens...

Unlike common nouns, person names refer to unique entities and generally have a referring function. We used event-related potentials to investigate the time course of identifying the emotional meaning of nouns and names. The emotional valence of names and nouns were manipulated separately. The results show early N1 effects in response to emotional valence only for nouns. This might reflect auto...

We give a labeled characterization of barbed congruence in asynchronous-calculus, which, unlike previous characterizations, does not use the matching construct. In absence of matching the observer cannot directly distinguish two names. In asyn-chronous-calculus the fact that two names are indistinguishable can be modeled by means of Honda and Yoshida's notion of equator. Our labeled characteriz...