The aim of this article is to examine the role of two geriatric rehabilitation units in a large rural area, and compare them with published data about rehabilitation units in urban settings. We look at the inputs to the units and the measurable outputs, including length of stay, discharge disposition of patients and changes in patient activities of daily living. We show that rehabilitation serv...

BACKGROUND HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT) is the point-of-entry for pathways of HIV care and prevention. However, HCT is not reaching many who are HIV infected and this may be related to the HCT provision model. We describe HCT utilization and HIV diagnosis using four models of HCT delivery: clinic-based, urban mobile, rural mobile, and stand-alone. METHODS Using cross-sectional data from r...

Virtually all countries report population and other data as urban or rural, but specific definitions vary greatly as to the geographic units used and how populous an urban place must be. Many countries recognize urban as including overflow and suburbs outside municipal limits, giving rise to additional definitions such as urbanized areas and metropolitan areas. This article discusses the US def...

BACKGROUND Solid Waste Management (SWM) in metropolises with systematic methods and following environmental issues, is one of the most important subjects in the area of urban management. In this regard, it is regarded as a legal entity so that its activities are not overshadowed by other urban activities. In this paper, a linear mathematical programming model has been designed for integrated SW...

INTRODUCTION Rising health care costs and the need to consolidate expertise in tertiary services have led to the centralisation of services. In the UK, the result has been that many rural maternity units have become midwife-led. A key consideration is that midwives have the skills to competently and confidently provide maternity services in rural areas, which may be geographically isolated and ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between length of residence in an urban area and obesity among Peruvian rural-to-urban migrants. DESIGN Cross-sectional database analysis of the migrant group from the PERU MIGRANT Study (2007). Exposure was length of urban residence, analysed as both a continuous (10-year units) and a categorical variable. Four skinfold site measurements (biceps, triceps...

BACKGROUND In recent years, there have been a growing number of studies on spatial inequalities in health covering a variety of scales, from small areas to metropolitan areas or regions, and for various health outcomes. However, few investigations have compared health status between cities with a view to gaining a better understanding of the relationships between such inequalities and the socia...