In this paper, we explore a variety of models attempting to explain the pollution-income relationship (PIR). There has been much literature addressing the notion of an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Many researchers find an EKC relationship for certain pollutants, while others do not find evidence of an EKC relationship. There is also literature formally critiquing the EKC. We employ cross-...

the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis postulates an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and many local environmental health indicators, while some economists argue that the relationship follows other patterns. By using an overlapping generations (OLG) model, we focus on technological effects, where the properties of the existing pollution abatement technologies cou...

the gaseous composition of the earth's atmosphere is changing at an accelerated rate because of the influence of human activities. different factors can cause increasing air contamination such as co2. understanding factors affecting atmosphere gaseous change is important for management and reducing air contaminants. the aim of this paper is to investigate factors affecting on co2 emission ...

In the recent special issue of Ecological Economics devoted to the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis, Rothman speculates that: ‘‘what appear to be improvements in environmental quality may in reality be indicators of increased ability of consumers in wealthy nations to distance themselves from the environmental degradation associated with their consumption’’ (Rothman, D., 1998. Envir...

Abstract This study examines the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in the developing economies of West Africa using a total of 32 cross sectional observations for each of the 16 countries of West Africa given a balance panel of 512 observations covering the periods 1980 through to 2012. The study estimated both the fixed effect and random effect model but however, the Hausman te...

Economic research on income’s impact on environmental quality is well summarized by the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), a relationship between environmental quality and per capita income (PCI). In this paper, a flexible nonparametric approach is adopted to study this relationship in which polynomial splines are employed to approximate the EKC function. New spline confidence bands via wild bo...

environmental kuznets curve (ekc) is one of the known concepts in environmental economics developed dramatically over the last twenty years ago. one of the advances in studying the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality is concerning the spatial autocorrelation of ecological phenomena. the rationale behind spatial environmental kuznets curve (sekc) is similar to ekc incl...

The aim of this paper is to investigate the long run relationships among the Energy, Environment and the Economy (E-E-E). This paper also tests the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for the case of Pakistan. We find robust long run relationships between energy, environment and economic growth. It is also found that the capital and labor elasticities of income show decreasing returns in the pres...