Daily evapotranspiration (ET) is modeled globally for the period 2000–2013 based on the Penman–Monteith equation with radiation and vapor pressures derived using remotely sensed Land Surface Temperature (LST) from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Aqua and Terra satellites. The ET for a given land area is based on four surface conditions: wet/dry and vegetated/non...

Droughts are normal recurring climatic phenomena that vary in space, time, and intensity. The spatial and temporal variability and multiple impacts of droughts provide challenges for mapping and monitoring on regional scales. With the launch of new generation sensors such as Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the monitoring of aberrant climatic events may be explored in an e...

There is considerable interest in using remote sensing to characterize the hydrologic behavior of the land surface on a routine basis. Information on moisture fluxes between the surface and lower atmosphere reveals linkages and land–atmosphere feedback mechanisms, aiding our understanding of energy and water balance cycles. Techniques that combine information on land and atmospheric properties ...

Land surface temperature (LST) plays a major role in the study of surface energy balances. Remote sensing techniques provide ways to monitor LST at large scales. However, due to atmospheric influences, significant missing data exist in LST products retrieved from satellite thermal infrared (TIR) remotely sensed data. Although passive microwaves (PMWs) are able to overcome these atmospheric infl...

Air temperature (Ta) is a key input in a wide range of agroclimatic applications. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Ts (Land Surface Temperature (LST)) products are widely used to estimate daily Ta. However, only daytime LST (Ts-day) or nighttime LST (Ts-night) data have been used to estimate Tmax/Tmin (daily maximum or minimum air temperature), respectively. The relationshi...

Remotely sensed imagery has been increasingly used to study the urban heat island phenomenon by deriving and analyzing land surface temperatures. The technology of remote sensing has the advantage of providing a time-synchronized dense grid of temperature data over a whole city region and distinctive temperature measurements for individual buildings. Moreover, some remote sensing images have hi...

the most widespread method to determine temporal and spatial variations of lai in a regional scale is empirical relationships based on the normalized difference of reflectance bands of satellite data. this study was done to evaluate the equations of remotely sensed lai estimation and optimize their parameters. therefore, lai was measured in the field for summer growing season in irrigated field...