Renal ischemic reperfusion (IR) injury is a significant clinical problem in anesthesia and surgery. Recently, it was demonstrated that both renal ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and systemic adenosine pretreatment protect against renal IR injury. In cardiac IPC, pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins (i.e., G(i/o)), protein kinase C (PKC), and ATP-sensitive potassium (K+(ATP)) channels are implica...

BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protects brain against ischemic injury. Activation of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling can induce neuroprotective mediators, but whether astrocytic TLR3 signaling is involved in IPC-induced ischemic tolerance is not known. METHODS IPC was modeled in mice with three brief episodes of bilateral carotid occlusion. In vitro, IPC was modeled ...

BACKGROUND Integrated palliative care (IPC) involves bringing together administrative, organisational, clinical and service aspects in order to achieve continuity of care between all actors involved in the care network of patients receiving palliative care (PC) services. The purpose of this study is to identify literature on IPC in the Spanish context, either in cancer or other advanced chronic...

A novel biotechnology approach by combining deacetylation biocatalysis with elicitation of immobilized Penicillium canescens (IPC) in Astragalus membranaceus hairy root cultures (AMHRCs) was proposed for the elevated production of astragaloside IV (AG IV). The highest AG IV accumulation was achieved in 36-day-old AMHRCs co-cultured with IPC for 60 h, which resulted in the enhanced production of...

PURPOSE A brief period of ischemia can induce a remarkably complete state of ischemic tolerance in the retina, a phenomenon known as ischemic preconditioning (IPC). The mechanisms of IPC were studied in the rat retina by examining the role of adenosine as a possible mediator and determining whether IPC protection could be induced more than once in the same rat. METHODS Retinal ischemia was pr...

BACKGROUND A threshold concept for ischemic preconditioning (IPc) has been proposed. It is unclear, however, whether IPc, above a certain threshold, is an all-or-nothing or a graded phenomenon. METHODS AND RESULTS In 71 enflurane-anesthetized swine, severe left anterior descending coronary artery hypoperfusion for 90 minutes followed by 2 hours of reperfusion resulted in an infarct size (IS, ...