abstract the present study deals with a comparison between reactive and pre-emptive focus-on-form in terms of application and efficiency. it was conducted in an intermediate english class in shahroud. 15 male learners participated in this research and their age ranged from 18 to 25. a course book, new interchange 3, and a complementary book were used. every session the learners gave lectures o...

in this thesis a calibration transfer method is used to achieve bilinearity for augmented first order kinetic data. first, the proposed method is investigated using simulated data and next the concept is applied to experimental data. the experimental data consists of spectroscopic monitoring of the first order degradation reaction of carbaryl. this component is used for control of pests in frui...

abstract this study aimed at investigating the possible relationship between self-assessment in writing and self-regulation of iranian efl learners. the main purpose of the study was not only to report and inform about this relationship, but also to investigate and find practical outcomes of the incorporation of self-assessment in writing, such as improving writing skill. the research was carr...

phatic communion is a cultural concept which differs across cultures. according to hofstede (2001), the u.s. tends to have individualistic culture; however, asian countries tend to have collectivistic cultures. these cultures view phatic communion differently. in individualistic cultures like u.s., phatic communion reflects speakers’ socio-cultural relationships in conversations. to see whether...

یک دسته خاص از کدهای تصحیح خطای کوانتومی، کدهای کانولوشنال می باشند که بر حسب نحوه طراحی به دو دسته کدهای css (calderbank-shor-steane) و non-css تقسیم می شوند. علیرغم اهمیت فراوان کدهای کانولوشنال در تصحیح خطا، فقدان یک مدار کدگذار با قابلیت تحقق پذیری عملی، مانعی جدی در بهره گیری از این کدها می باشد. سه پارامتر در طراحی مدارهای کدگذار کانولوشنال اهمیت دارد؛ میزان حافظه، تعداد سطوح و غیرمخرب بو...