Identifying general patterns of colonization and radiation in island faunas is often hindered by past human-caused extinctions. The insular Caribbean is one of the only complex oceanic-type island systems colonized by land mammals, but has witnessed the globally highest level of mammalian extinction during the Holocene. Using ancient DNA analysis, we reconstruct the evolutionary history of one ...

The recent recovery of ancient DNA from a growing number of human samples shows that mitochondrial DNA haplogroup I was introduced to Europe after the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. This paper provides a spatio-temporal analysis of the various subhaplogroups of mitochondrial DNA I. The study suggests that haplogroup I diversified into haplogroups I1, I2’3, I4 and I5 at specific regions in Eur...

Marma Science is an extremely important branch of Ayurveda. points are vital places in the body, that ‘seats life’ (Prana - life force). As any injury to these parts may lead severe pain, disability, loss function, sensation, or death, therefore, they hold place science surgery, wherein considered ‘Shalya Vishayardha’ (half entire surgery). The ancient scriptures have strictly directed against ...

A point of contention: the scriptural basis for the Jehovah's Witnesses' refusal of blood transfusions." (2002). I. Introduction It is questionable whether the " Christian Community " has ever been truly unified. Even very early references to the community, such as the " Apostolic Council " (Acts 15:1—35), attest to conflict and debate within the community. Over the centuries there have been ma...

For important reasons, African contextual hermeneutics raises the main question: “What does Scripture mean to us and our community?”. This article asserts that reader-centred approach tends allow voice of community ring louder than Scripture. Repercussions can include a limited role Jesus Christ heightened material prosperity in some expressions Christian faith. The argues needs make room for i...

Bone samples of 14 prehistoric North American Pecos Indians from circa 1400 A.D. were analyzed for lead, cadmium, zinc, and silver by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry to establish the baseline levels of these elements in an ancient North American population. Measurements of outer and inner bone fractions indicate the former were contaminated postmortem for lead, zinc, and cadmium...

Marine turtles predated as well as outlived the dinosaurs; and their interactions with humans date back millennia. Since before the Christian era, marine turtle products were of great importance to international trade networks in the Indian Ocean. People in various societies, all round the world, have not only exploited these ancient reptiles, but also venerated and celebrated them in diverse f...

European chickens were introduced into the American continents by the Spanish after their arrival in the 15th century. However, there is ongoing debate as to the presence of pre-Columbian chickens among Amerindians in South America, particularly in relation to Chilean breeds such as the Araucana and Passion Fowl. To understand the origin of these populations, we have generated partial mitochond...

Ayurveda is the ancient (before 2500 b.c.) Indian system of health care and longevity. It involves a holistic view of man, his health, and illness. Ayurvedic treatment of a disease consists of salubrious use of drugs, diets, and certain practices. Medicinal preparations are invariably complex mixtures, based mostly on plant products. Around 1,250 plants are currently used in various Ayurvedic p...