The focus of the experiments reported in this paper was techniques for combining evidence for crosslanguage retrieval, searching Arabic documents using English queries. Evidence from multiple sources of translation knowledge was combined to estimate translation probabilities, and four techniques for estimating query-language term weights from document-language evidence were tried. A new techniq...

The Arabic storytelling methodology provides solutions to the problem of information reliability.The reliability of a story depends on the credibility of its narrators.To insure reliability verification, the narrators’ names are explicitly cited at the head of the story, which constitute its chain of narrators. Stories were reported from a generation to another to insure the reliable transmissi...

Translation is a wonderful area of study especially the literary one. Unlike other kinds renditions, translation needs lot cognitive processing on part translators in that selecting one multi grammatical forms available Arabic not as easy cake considering implied meaning syntactic or morphological structure suggests. It could be stated main problem this research and structures how decide which ...

the speech is about eyes from the viewpoint of the holy koran and past and contemporary literary figures (that are more than 45 poets in this essay) and the meanings of beauties related to the characteristics of eyes by witty literary figures including eyes' wideness, blackness, whiteness, arrows, spears, swords and …, …, the victims presented by poets in this field that mount to hundreds....

human history has been witness to the emergence of great men and women who illustrated the sufferings and wishes of mankind. they have bravely put in hard effort to resist long-standing and reactionary traditions of their own society and to fight oppressors, and at the same time, the comfort-seeking opportunists have endeavored to derail their efforts and to project a tarnished image of these c...

Toni Morrison is an American African Novelist born in Ohio 1931. she won Nobel Prize 1993 her literary works for works, and Pulitzer Beloved Novel. Inaam Kachachi Iraqi Journalist Writer living Paris. She was Shortlisted the international Arabic Fiction, 2016 Lagardere Award Arab Novel Tashari. These two women writers be ascribed to common features both Novelists their which dealt mainly with h...

the thought of leaving this world for the heavens, paradise and hell inspired by the holy prophet’s ascension appeared in the form of fictional stories in the arabic literature in the fifth century (solar calendar), i.e. in the late abbasid period, although the history of such journeys goes back to the time before islam. as it goes in pahlavi texts, the first one to have gone on oneiric journey...

a majority of books and writing translated from persian literature include persian proverbs among which wisdom and advice are of high importance. these books, as we know, are translated pieces of advice and wisdom from persian and are known as “books of advice”. this paper aims at showing that these books are among the basic principles of persian literature.  having studied historical and liter...