it is a possibility that when the parties to a contract choose the law of a country as the applicable law, that law may reject such agreement and refer the contract to another law. it is generally accepted that in such a situation, the provisions of the law chosen, excluding rules relating to conflict of laws, should apply to the contract. however, some lawyers believe that the substantive prov...

in view of the scholars of jurisprudence and islamic law, considering any condition at the time of marriage contract having the public conditions of appropriateness will be acceptable. now this question is raised concerning the wife considering the condition of “limited fixity” at the time of marriage contract. the answer to this question requires the investigation of identity and the demand of...

designing the self-balancing two-wheeled mobile robots and reducing undesired vibrations are of great importance. for this purpose, the majority of researches are focused on application of relatively complex control approaches without improving the robot structure. therefore, in this paper we introduce a new two-wheeled mobile robot which, despite its relative simple structure, fulfills the req...

the contract looks like the natural law. this means the negation of the principle of the autonomy of the will and the will of legislator as a basis for the validity of contractual content would be rejected. because the foundation of creation and validity of natural law would not be the will, but natural justice and natural equity. therefore, the foundation of the validity for such a contract- s...

Background: Due to the increasing expansion of the electronic world in all aspects, e-commerce has found its place alongside traditional transactions and in turn are of particular importance and have left a significant share in commercial contracts. This has led to significant ethical challenges. E-commerce, due to the lack of necessary legal and legal grounds, lack of proper mechanism to prote...

Background Intersectoral action is often presented as essential in the promotion of population health and health equity. In Norway, national public health policies are based on the Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach that promotes whole-of-government responsibility. As part of the promotion of this intersectoral responsibility, p...

relative nullity is one of the sanctions against violating the rules of establishing the contract and is regarded as a known legal entity in the law of france. it is a situation that the legislator has considered in case of violating the rules supporting given party or parties. hence, he gave them authority to decide about the contract themselves and as far as the beneficial party does not have...