The large blood vessels would act as a heat sink and hence plays a significant role during photo-thermal therapy. Gold nanoshell was considered as an high heat absorbing agent in photo-thermal heating to reduce the cooling effect of large blood vessels. In this paper, the thermal history of tissue embedded with large blood vessels during photo-thermal heating were calculated using finite elemen...

Knowledge of the mechanism of human skin colour and measurement of melanin and blood concentration in human skin are needed in the medical and cosmetic fields. The absorbance spectrum from reflectance at the visible wavelength of human skin increases under several conditions such as a sunburn or scalding. The change of the absorbance spectrum from reflectance including the scattering effect doe...

Ambient temperature is known to affect the emission spectrum of a light-emitting diode (LED). This study has investigated the effect of changes in ambient temperature on the emission spectra of two LED with peak emission wavelengths similar to those used in pulse oximetry. There was a 5.5-nm increase in the peak wavelength for a 660-nm LED, and a 7.8-nm increase in the peak wavelength for a 950...

In this paper, a textile-based sensing principle for long term photopletysmography (PPG) monitoring is presented. Optical fibers were embroidered into textiles such that out-coupling and in-coupling of light was possible. The "light-in light-out" properties of the textile enabled the spectroscopic characterization of human tissue. For the optimization of the textile sensor, three different carr...

In 1963 Umberger and Fiorese (1) introduced a colorimetric method for HA,1 based on the color reaction of HA, dissolved in anhydrous pyridine, with BSC. Therefore, for applying their method to determine HA in urine, HA must first be extracted from the urine. We found that HA dissolved in water-pyridine (1:1, by vol) produces a red-orange color when BSC is added at room temperature. The absorpti...

Subsurface hydrothermal degradation of yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) is presented. Evaluation of low temperature degradation (LTD) phase transformation induced by aging in 3Y-TZP is experimentally studied by Raman confocal microspectroscopy. A non-linear distribution of monoclinic volume fraction is determined in depth by using different pinhole sizes. A theoretica...

Spectrophotometric or colorimetric data are normally obtained in some type of photometric unit and must be dealt with mathematically to provide a final result expressedin concentration. Such mathematical operationsare time-consuming, require data transfer, and are subject to human error. A photometric systemhas been devised which can be adjusted to perform calculations automatically and provide...

The validity of any method for determining the concentration of a colored substance by measuring its absorption of monochromatic light depends upon the ability of that substance to obey certain physical laws. In our discussion of the spectrophotometric determination of oxyhemoglobin and certain of its derivatives (Ray, Blair, and Thomas, 1932) it was assumed that these substances obeyed such fu...