identification of rapid degradation of ecological resources requires effective environmental monitoring including ecological integrity assessment .our first aim is to analyze ecological integrity in a landscape context while developing a method to assess integrity in spite of a dearth of historical data. we used a spatial-temporal reference framework for land cover maps for assessing ecologica...

In this paper, we extend Sasaki metric for tangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold and Sasaki-Mok metric for the frame bundle of a Riemannian manifold [I] to the case of a semi-Riemannian vector bundle over a semi- Riemannian manifold. In fact, if E is a semi-Riemannian vector bundle over a semi-Riemannian manifold M, then by using an arbitrary (linear) connection on E, we can make E, as a...

We introduce and study the concept of $alpha $-semi short modules.Using this concept we extend some of the basic results of $alpha $-short modules to $alpha $-semi short modules.We observe that if $M$ is an $alpha $-semi short module then the dual perfect dimension of $M$ is $alpha $ or $alpha +1$.%In particular, if a semiprime ring $R$ is $alpha $-semi short as an $R$-module, then its Noetheri...

In this paper using strongly duplexes we introduce a new class of (semi)hypergroups. The associated (semi)hypergroup from a strongly duplex is called duplex (semi)hypergroup. Two computer programs written in MATLAB show that the two groups $Z_{2n}$ and $Z_{n}times Z_{2}$ produce a strongly duplex and its associated hypergroup is a complementary feasible hypergroup.

The huge amount of currently available data puts considerable constraints on the task of information retrieval. Automatic methods to organize data, such as clustering, can be used to help with this task allowing timely access. Semi-supervised clustering approaches employ some additional information to guide the clustering performed based on data attributes to a more suitable data partition. How...