The aim of the current study was to compare the internal and external attributions of success and failure in a sample including recreational gamblers and non-gamblers. Seventy-seven participants (32 males 44 females, 1 unknown sex), ranging in age from 18 to 72 years, who had all gambled at some time in their life, participated in the current study. The Multidimensional-Multiattributional Causa...

This study investigated whether there were any changes in knowledge and normative beliefs regarding abstinence and condoms and personal risk perception of acquiring HIV among Zambian secondary-school students who were exposed to a peer sexual health intervention. Schools were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. A baseline assessment that measured knowledge, normative beliefs a...

Occupational exposure to pesticides in agricultural applications may cause acute and long-term health effects to farmers, and thus research on factors that reduce exposure is useful. However, studies on the relevance and effectiveness of training are limited. The association of previous training in the form of intensive seminars relating to pesticide use (e.g., use of spraying equipment, applic...

AIM To identify the beliefs and attitudes of a sample of obese and overweight Spanish women undertaking a weight-loss treatment. BACKGROUND Obesity is a global epidemic. Weight-loss treatments focus on changing eating behaviours; however, many patients fail to adhere to the diet. This suggests that more effective behaviour-change interventions are required to help people change their eating b...

BACKGROUND Neck and back pain are common and often account for absenteeism at work. Factors at work as well as fear-avoidance beliefs may influence sick-leave in these patients. The aims of this study were to assess: (1) how sick-listed patients in specialised care perceive demand, control, support, effort, reward, and overcommitment at work compared to a general reference group of workers; (2)...

The beliefs and attitudes of health professionals affect the care ultimately provided to patients. The objective of this study was to analyze health professionals' beliefs toward chronic no cancer pain in nine (82%) pain centers in the city of S.Paulo. The Survey of Chronic Pain Attitudes-Professionals was employed to evaluate pain professionals' beliefs toward emotions, control, disability, so...

We present the validation study of the Paranormal Health Beliefs Scale adult version, aimed to measure illusory beliefs about health. The scale was administered to 643 participants (54.3% females), having an average age of 29.7 years (standard deviation = 18.31). The results of the analyses confirmed the dimensions of the Paranormal Health Beliefs Scale as developed in the previous adolescent s...

OBJECTIVE Internal health locus of control (HLOC) reflects individuals' beliefs that their own behavior influences their health. This study explores the gender difference in internal HLOC among middle-aged and older adults. METHOD Using data from two waves of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS; N = 1,748), I estimate two-level random-intercept models predic...