Cycling can be performed on the road or indoors on stationary ergometers. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in cycling efficiency, muscle activity and pedal forces during cycling on a stationary turbo trainer compared with a treadmill. 19 male cyclists cycled on a stationary turbo trainer and on a treadmill at 150, 200 and 250 W. Cycling efficiency was determined using th...

one of the cooling systems that has received considerable attentions in recent years is the adsorption chiller, which works based on the adsorption and desorption of a working fluid in a solid porous bed. different parameters such as fin height directly affect the bed heat and mass transfer processes, and therefore, the performance of the adsorption chillers. in the present study a numerical mo...

Single-carrier transmission is one of the most potential options for uplink transmission in wide-area deployments. It combines the benefits of computationally simple transmitter processing and highly efficient power amplification at the terminal. Frequency-domain methods for efficient equalization can be utilized at the access point either in linear MMSE equalization or in iterative turbo equal...

Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) is a power efficient scheme that is used with IM/DD.In this paper, performance of an optical code division multiple access (CDMA) system with Turbo coding is analyzed and simulated. Turbo coding is applied on an optical channel with PPM and direct detection of the received optical signal then the performance is evaluated. From the simulation results, it is demons...

In communication systems, channel coding is widely employed in order to have reliable data transmissions. Turbo codes were first introduced by C.Berrou in 1993 [I] as a powerful channel coding technique, and were shown to achieve performance near Shannon capacity over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. In this thesis, two schemes related to turbo codes are proposed, and are shown ...

This paper presents the average block error rate (BLER) performance of star 16/64QAM schemes using iterative decision-directed channel estimation (IDDCE) associated with the turbo frequency domain equalizer (FDE) for discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-precoded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). We show that the turbo FDE with the IDDCE based on the a posteriori log-likelihood ...

As is widely known, internal combustion engines are not able to complete the expansion process of gas inside cylinder, causing theoretical energy losses in order 20%. Several systems and methods have been proposed implemented recover unexpanded energy, such as turbocharging, which partially exploits this compress fresh intake charge, or turbo-mechanical turbo-electrical compounding, where amoun...

We propose a class of codes which combine the principles of turbo coding and space–time trellis codes. It is first shown that several classes of space–time codes have an equivalent recursive realization. This fact is then exploited to design serial concatenated coding schemes with an outer code, interleaver, and an inner recursive space–time encoder. Two solutions are proposed in this paper—The...