Richard E. Mayer is a professor of psychology and education at the University of California, Santa Barbara. L EARNING INVOLVES THE ACQUISITION of knowledge. This is a commonsense view of learning that has implications for how to teach—such as presenting information to learners in books and lectures—and how to assess—such as testing to see how much of the presented material students can remember...

Medical training has been lately the subject of intense scrutiny. The knowledge transfer approach has shifted focus on the trainee as an active participant in the education process. The traditional view that learning stems from the transmission of knowledge, has recently been challenged. Although controversial, some suggest that a student can maximize this learning process when educators tailor...

There is increasing evidence that sleep promotes off-line enhancement of a variety of explicitly learned motor tasks in young adults. However, whether sleep promotes off-line consolidation of implicitly learned motor tasks is still under question. Furthermore, the role of sleep in promoting transfer of learning remains unknown. This study examined the role of sleep in learning and transfer of l...

[Purpose] In sports physical therapy, video of a patient's movement or of a skilled model's movement has been used as observational learning methods for injury prevention and movement modification. Positive effects of model video observation have been reported. This study aimed to clarify the effect on motor skill learning using a combination of model-observation and self-observation, which is ...

Diabetes mellitus is accompanied with disturbances in learning, memory, and cognitive skills in the humans and experimental animals. Due to the anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity of pelargonidin (PG), this research study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of chronic oral PG on alleviating learning and memory disturbance in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into...

knowledge of results (KR) consists of presenting KR for each of a set of trials only after the last trial in the set has been completed. In experiment 1, motivated by a guidance hypothesis for KR, we searched for an optimal number of trials to be contained in the summary KR. Using a coincident-timing task with summary lengths of 1, 5, 10, and 15 trials, in a delayed no-KR retention test of lear...

the purpose of this research was to compare block, random and randomized block training on the acquisition, retention and transfer of volleyball serves. for this purpose, 34 students of shomal university were selected randomly and after primary rules of volleyball were explained and instructed and pretest was performed, they were divided into 3 groups (block, random and randomized block trainin...