The attainable-region approach for reaction, mixing, and separation is applied for step-growth melt polycondensations. A concentration-based formulation is applied to develop hybrid reactorseparator models for the two-phase continuous stirred tank reactor and plug-flow reactor with simultaneous vapor removal. The evaporation of the volatile byproducts, which is typically limited by liquid-phase...

A novel random copolyester Poly(1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol Succinate – Co 1,2-ethane diol Succinate) PDES containing sulphur atom was synthesised by direct melt polycondensation method using 1,4- dithiane-2,5-diol as a special monomer, succinic acid, and 1,3 ethane with Titanium tetra isopropoxide catalyst. The wide range of application the monomer especially biocontrol material food additive led us...

Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB) was covalently immobilized onto epoxy-activated macroporous poly(methyl methacrylate) Amberzyme beads (235 microm particle size, 220 A pore size) and nanoparticles (nanoPSG, diameter 68 nm) with a poly(glycidyl methacrylate) outer region. Amberzyme beads allowed CALB loading up to 0.16 g of enzyme per gram of support. IR microspectroscopy generated images of A...

Resol crosslinked polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel can be used as the chemical flooding agent in enhanced oil recovery because of its excellent temperatureand salt-resistant properties. It is known that crosslinking reactions, including ortho–ortho, ortho– para and para–para polycondensation of resols and ortho and para polycondensation between PAM and resol, are involved in the researched system,...

π-Conjugated polymers based on indigo unit were prepared. Dehalogenative polycondensation of N-hexyl-6,6'-dibromoindigo with a zerovalent nickel complex gave a homopolymer, P(HexI), in 77% yield. Copolymer of N-hexyl-indigo and pyridine, P(HexI-Py), was also prepared in 50% yield. P(HexI) showed good solubility in organic solvents, whereas P(HexI-Py) was only soluble in acids such as HCOOH. The...

The effects of varying the alkali metal cation in the high-temperature nucleophilic synthesis of a semi-crystalline, aromatic poly(ether ketone) have been systematically investigated, and striking variations in the sequence distributions and thermal characteristics of the resulting polymers were found. Polycondensation of 4,4-dihydroxybenzophenone with 1,3-bis(4fluorobenzoyl)benzene in diphenyl...

Biotechnologically accessible 1,4-butanediol and vegetal oil-based diethyl sebacate were copolymerized with bicyclic acetalized D-glucose derivatives (Glux) by polycondensation both in the melt at high temperature and in solution at mild temperature mediated by polymer-supported Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). Two series of random copolyesters (PB(x)Glux(y)Seb and PBSeb(x)Glux(y)) were prep...