the index is excellent by the malmquist index as extended to productivity measurement. the index developed here is defined in terms of input cost rather than input quantity distance functions in supply chain. therefore, we propose productivity change is decomposed into overall efficiency and cost technical change. these decompositions provide a clearer situation of the root sources of supply ch...

Issues related to structures of goods and information are frequently discussed in the logistics and Supply Chain Management (SCM) literature. But, only few contributions are exploring the financial structures associated with supply chains. This paper presents a framework to identify the appropriate financing source used for supply chain. It is extensively noticed that although various financing...

globalization, increasing the global regulations of governmental and non-governmental organizations and customers’ request regarding to environmental compliance issues have led to organizations considering the green supply chain management to improve the environmental and economic performance. in order to maximize the efficiency of energy consumption and resources across the supply chain, green...

in this paper a two-stage supply chain with a buyer and seller have been studied. it is assumed that lead time is probabilistic and demand is fixed. in the decentralized model it can be observed each supply chain member try to make the decision to maximize their profits and it will effect on the other members of supply chain and in the comparison with centralized model with assuming the seller ...

We compare the demand of a large electricity consumer with supply given by wind farms installed at two distant geographic locations. Obviously such situation is rather unrealistic, however our main goal is a quantitative characterization of the intermittency of wind electricity. The consumption pattern consists of marked daily and weekly cycles interrupted by periods of holidays. In contrast, w...

In this paper, using supply chain operational reference, the reliability evaluation of available relationships in supply chain is investigated. For this purpose, in the first step, the chain under investigation is divided into several stages including first and second suppliers, initial and final customers, and the producing company. Based on the formed relationships between t...

This paper presents an online energy management system based on a virtual energy provisioning (VEP) concept. VEP is a novel demand side management inspired by the lean supply chain technology. It aims to control the process of energy generation, delivery, and consumption under the mechanism called “order-then-production” principle. This means electricity should be ordered by end consumers in ad...

The battle for electricity customers in an increasingly competitive and deregulated market environment is one of the challenges facing the electric power utilities of today. Customers expect a reliable and efficient supply of power from their utilities. One of the advantages that a distributed generator (DG) can provide to the electric utility and to customers is the possibility of improving th...

We study a stochastic model of electricity production and consumption where appliances are adaptive and adjust their consumption to the available production, by delaying their demand and possibly using batteries. The model incorporates production volatility due to renewables, ramp-up and rampdown time, uncertainty about actual demand versus planned production, delayed and evaporated demand due ...

The electricity grid has to respond to large power variations in relatively short periods of time. This behavior causes an inefficiency operation and design of the electricity system. The Demand Side-Management techniques are used to modify the power demand, reducing or smoothing its shape. Moreover, the electricity grid is a very huge system composed for millions of devices. There are problems...