abstract irrigation planning and management requires continious monitoring and measurements of soil moisture content. application of gypsum blockes (gb) are common in soil moisture measurements. gb readings are subjected to its geometry and soil solution concentration. this study was carried on 90 gb in research greenhouse of faculty agricultural, ferdowsi university of mashhad. at the begining...

The fate of key species, such as the barnacle Amphibalanus improvisus, in the course of global change is of particular interest since any change in their abundance and/or performance may entail community-wide eVects. In the Xuctuating Western Baltic, species typically experience a broad range of environmental conditions, which may preselect them to better cope with climate change. In this study...

Shortage and salinity of irrigation water are two major constraints that influence rapeseed production in arid and semi-arid regions of central and southern Iran. In this study, effects of deficit irrigation with different salinity levels and planting methods (in-furrow and on-ridge) as strategies for coping with water and salinity stresses on yield and yield quality of rapeseed were invest...

Water salinity and drought are the major abiotic stresses limiting turf grass growth. On the other hand, shortage of waterresources and salinity of water and soil in the arid and semi-arid zones such as Iran, are the restricting factors in developinglawn turf grasses. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of water salinity and deficit irrigation ontall fescue (Festuca aru...

Salinity and drought often affect plant growth and crop yields. Cloning and identification of salinity and drought stress inducible promoters is of great significance for their use in the genetic improvement of crop resistance. Previous studies showed that phosphatidylinositol synthase is involved in plant salinity and drought stress responses but its promoter has not been characterized by far....

BACKGROUND: Among the environmental stresses soil salinity is a widespread environmental problem that has been found to affect more than 77 million hectares or 5% of the cultivable land of the universe. Potassium has a positive role in plant growth under saline conditions, because this element plays an essential role in photosynthesis, osmo regulatory adaptations of plant to wa...

Increased salinity in rivers and streams is a serious environmental concern, and in Australia there is growing information about the acute tolerances to salinity for freshwater macroinvertebrates, but much less information about chronic and sub-lethal tolerances. The effects of increased salinity on the growth and survival of two mayflies, Cloeon sp. and Centroptilum sp. and one midge Chironomu...