Background: Development of EU guidelines Guideline (GL) in the pharmaceutical legislative framework represents a harmonised EU approach based on the most up-to-date scientific knowledge to facilitate planning the overall pharmaceutical product development, the preparation of applications for marketing authorisations by the pharmaceutical industry and the assessment, approval and control of medi...

On 1 May 2004 the European Union (EU) underwent unprecedented enlargement, from 15 to 25 countries, increasing its population by 20% to over 450 million. Although EU law has limited specific competence in the area of health, its influence on other policy sectors such as agriculture, trade, and employment has wide ranging implications for health. Yet with the exception of provisions on communica...

On 1 May 2004 the European Union (EU) underwent unprecedented enlargement, from 15 to 25 countries, increasing its population by 20% to over 450 million. Although EU law has limited specific competence in the area of health, its influence on other policy sectors such as agriculture, trade, and employment has wide ranging implications for health. Yet with the exception of provisions on communica...

The EU Intelligence Analysis Centre (INTCEN) is the most recent name for an institution that has existed in a number of forms since 1999. It monitors events both inside and outside the EU in order to provide “intelligence analyses, early warning and situational awareness” to EU institutions and Member States in the fields of security, defence and counter-terrorism. While it remains relatively s...

Abstract. This study extensively scrutinizes 14 months of registration data to identify large-scale malicious campaigns present in the .eu TLD. We explore the ecosystem and modus operandi of elaborate cybercriminal entities that recurrently register large amounts of domains for one-shot, malicious use. Although these malicious domains are short-lived, by incorporating registrant information, we...