Effect of flow velocity and cell-pair thickness in electrodialysis (ED) is studied. The production cost includes pump energy, while the size system considered as an output variable. performance ED depends on three categories process parameters namely water quality data, stack configuration characteristic inside stack. design complex due to interrelation among variables so calculation chronology...

New developments in pressure- and thermally driven membrane desalination technologies offer the potential to cost-effectively treat high-salinity waters, especially when powered by low-cost solar electricity thermal energy. This paper presents a comparative techno-economic assessment of state-of-the-art most promising for high recovery desalination, namely, osmotically-assisted reverse osmosis ...

• Novel reverse electrodialysis process model including magnesium and sulfate. Uphill transport, increased membrane resistance, permselectivity loss included. Model validation with experimental data literature (up to 50 mol. %). reproduces RED in single-stage, multi-stage, segmented electrode. Reverse (RED) is an electro-membrane harvest renewable energy from salinity gradients. models have bee...

This study investigates the efficiency of low-power ultrasound in range 3.5–30.0 W to improve permeate flux and alleviate membrane fouling an air–gap distillation (AGMD) system. Natural groundwater reverse osmosis (RO) reject water were fed into AGMD system on which experiments conducted with hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. After 35 h operation RO water, caused decrease by ...