BACKGROUND As a typical retrovirus, the evolution of Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) in different infectious ecosystems is not characterized, what we know is there are a cloud of diverse variants, namely quasispecies with considerable genetic diversity. This study is to explore the selection of infectious ecosystems on dominant variants and their evolutionary dynamics of ALV-J between D...

We report the complete genome sequence of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) isolate PDRC-59831, which causes myeloid leukosis and hemangiomas in chickens. This is an American ALV-J isolate, which was found in a 38-week-old broiler breeder chicken on a farm in Georgia in 2007.

Five years after the apparent end of the major 1995 Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) epizootic/epidemic, focal outbreaks of equine encephalitis occurred in Carabobo and Barinas States of western Venezuela. Virus isolates from horses in each location were nearly identical in sequence to 1995 isolates, which suggests natural persistence of subtype IC VEE virus (VEEV) strains in a genetically ...

background: serological diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii infection using crude antigens may not be more accurate. to increase the diagnostic potency of anti-gens, isolation of their immunogenic fractions could be useful. the current re-search adopted to obtain an affinity isolated fraction from rh strain using cnbr sepharose 4b column coupled with infected mice sera helping in detec-tion of igm a...

Releasing Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes to suppress or replace wild vector has been carried out in 24 countries worldwide, showing great promise controlling and mosquito-borne diseases. To face the instability of Wolbachia infection different environments during area-wide application, we should consider overlapping two strains. In this case, bidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility occurs, whi...

Multiple genotypically unique strains of the tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma marginale occur and are transmitted within regions where the organism is endemic. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that specific A. marginale strains are preferentially transmitted. The study herd of cattle (n = 261) had an infection prevalence of 29% as determined by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosor...