Effective daily processing of large amounts of paper documents in office environments requires the application of semantic-based indexing techniques during the transformation of paper documents to electronic format. For this purpose a combination of both XML and knowledge technologies can be used. XML distinguishes between data, its structure and semantics, allowing the exchange of data element...

This explosion in historical interest is firmly rooted in the present. Reasons for this interest include: a wider vogue in historical publishing towards single product histories (cod, salt, opium, etc.); advocates of medicinal cannabis research and the hemp industry seeking historical legitimacy and lineage; cannabis use among the middle-aged (the core audience for history of any kind); cannabi...

The digitalization of cultural materials is doubtless a key-enabler for increasing accessibility of cultural heritage documents, e.g., historical texts. In the last decade Semantic Digital Libraries (see, e.g., [1]) have attracted the attention of research communities coming from different research areas, such as Cultural Heritage, History, and Knowledge Engineering. In order to find more innov...

Khoy, one of the major cities in the west Azarbaijan province is known for its nature, military, border positions, proximity to the Silk Road, including many different cultures and overall is one of the important settlements in the area. This essay investigates Khoy city’s expansion, from early Islam until late Qajar (Fourth - Fourteenth century) according to historical documents. This article ...

Theories of international outsourcing predict rises in firms’ innovation rates mediated through lower wages per worker. Consistent with the predictions of Glass and Saggi (2001), we find a tradeoff between wages and innovation. However, we do not find that the proportion of internationally outsourced service inputs reduces but rather increases a firm’s wage per worker, a result most likely driv...