Birds adjust their flight behaviour to the physical properties of the air. Lift and drag, the two major properties in aerodynamics, are highly dependent on air density. With decreasing air density drag is reduced and lift per wingbeat decreases. According to flight mechanical theory, wingbeat frequency and air speed should increase with decreasing air density, i.e. increasing flight altitude. A...

We combine a low resolution Time-Of-Flight (TOF) depth image camera based on Photonic Mixer Devices with two standard cameras in a stereo configuration. We show that this approach is useful even without accurate calibration. In a graph cut approach, we use depth information from the low resolution TOF camera to initialise the domain, and colour information for accurate depth discontinuities in ...

An advanced guidance law is developed for reentry phase of a reentry vehicle. It can achieve small miss distance and desired impact attitude angle, simultanceously. To meet this requirment a guidance law based on the fuzzy logic approach is developed. It is partitioned into three stages. This guidance law does not require linearization of missile engagement model. Line-of-sight and flight path ...

EDITORIAL article Front. Surg., 11 July 2023Sec. Orthopedic Surgery Volume 10 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2023.1247759

Today’s airspace environment is congested and complex. The enroute environment is a tangled web of victor airways and jet routes connecting the multitude of radio navigation aids sprinkled all over the world and especially the US. The terminal area environments are highly congested with air traffic and requires precise aircraft control by pilots and ground controllers. This situation is even mo...

In order to fly, insects require flight muscles that constitute at least 12 to 16% of their total mass, and flight performance increases as this percentage increases. However, flight muscles are energetically and materially expensive to build and maintain, and investment in flight muscles constrains other aspects of function, particularly female fecundity. This review examines ways in which ins...