Purpose of the Review This review discusses the role that meltwater plays within the Greenland ice sheet system. The ice sheet’s hydrology is important because it affects mass balance through its impact on meltwater runoff processes and ice dynamics. The review considers recent advances in our understanding of the storage and routing of water through the supraglacial, englacial, and subglacial ...

Groundwater flow in an idealized atoll platform is simulated with CASTEM 2000, a computer code developed at the CEA (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique). Darcy’s law and a coupled solute transport equation (diffusion–dispersion–convection) is solved by the mixed-hybrid finite-element method. Inward and upward circulations of oceanic water are shown to occur. These steady-state circulations resul...

The knowledge of the surface topography has a major importance in the field of Earth sciences. It is essential in any discipline concerned with process modeling like hydrology, climatology, geomorphology and ecology. The present study utilized Environmental Systems Research Institute’s (ESRI) ArcGIS 9.3 (with the spatial analyst extension) software, remote sensing data ( DEM and Digital Aerial ...

Earthquake and its catastrophic failures has been one of the disturbance worry of Civil Engineers. In geotechnical science, liquefaction is one of the most important phenomenons induced by earthquake. A change in pore water pressure follows a change in effective stress, and in a critical state in which pore water pressure equals the total stress in soil particles, soil strength is suddenly lost...