This paper provides fi eld evidence on (a) how price framing aff ects consumers’ decision to switch health insurance plans and (b) how the price elasticity of demand for health insurance can be infl uenced by policymakers through simple regulatory eff orts. In 2009, in order to foster competition among health insurance companies, German federal regulation required health insurance companies to ...

Nowadays, demand response programs (DRPs) play an important role in price reduction and reliability improvement. In this paper, an optimal integrated model for the emergency demand response program (EDRP) and dynamic economic emission dispatch (DEED) problem has been developed. Customer’s behavior is modeled based on the price elasticity matrix (PEM) by which the level of DRP is determined for ...

Applying the simultaneous-equation model, this study finds that the output elasticity with respect to the real oil price is estimated to be -0.042, indicating that if the real oil price rises 10%, real GDP would decrease by 0.42%. In addition, real output in Korea is positively associated with the money supply, real deficit spending, and the real stock price and negatively influenced by real de...

We adopt the optimization framework for rate allocation problem proposed by Kelly and characterize the stability condition with arbitrary communication delay. We demonstrate that there is a fundamental trade-off between the price elasticity of demand of users and responsiveness of the resources through a choice of price function as well as between the system stability and resource utilization.

Zimmerman (1995) notes that the two most frequently observed transfer pricing methods are market price transfer pricing and full cost transfer pricing. Under the …rst of these, the transfer price observed by the local manager is the marginal cost plus a markup over marginal cost which re‡ects the price elasticity of demand of the product in an external market. This markup will be denoted j and ...

This paper uses a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between hypothetical bias and the price respondents are asked to pay. For public goods, the results clearly indicate a difference in the price elasticity between hypothetical and actual payment conditions. Since the bias increases for larger dollar amounts, any simple guidelines, such as NOAA’s “divide by two” rule of thumb, could be m...

BACKGROUND Vaccination programs often organize subsidies and public relations in order to obtain high uptake rates and coverage. However, effects of subsidies and public relations have not been studied well in the literature. In this study, the demand function of pneumococcal vaccination among the elderly in Japan is estimated, incorporating effects of public relations and subsidy. METHODS Us...