nuremberg and tokyo courts as first international criminal courts were established by allies when there were not international regulations regarding the accused rights. but post war, effective steps were taken in this regard. at global and regional levels, a variety of documents have noted this matter detailed and also measures have been considered such as human rights committee of united natio...

Many countries are currently exploring their diaspora’s potential to contribute to local development processes. These countries face numerous challenges in effectively engaging their diasporas such as a lack of experience and resources. Conflict-affected countries, however, face legacies from the past that might challenge diaspora engagement processes. They often also struggle with security iss...

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one of the most important issues which has long been considered as a shortfall in the civil procedure code (cpc) is the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal to issue interim orders. currently, neither the court nor the arbitral tribunal can freely grant the interim measure so that the tribunals and the court hardly accept the plea for granting the interim measure. the reason lies in the shortf...

The study deals with the conceptual and categorical apparatus of field criminal law, which relates to military war crimes. It is noted that concept a crime became enshrined in international legal acts relatively recently, namely 1945 Statute Nuremberg Tribunal, but certain rules related prevention crimes existed from time ancient slave-owning states civilizations. main norms regarding first mod...

In February 2011, the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea handed down its Advisory Opinion in Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entities with respect to Activities in the Area. Although primarily focused on governance of the deep seabed beyond national jurisdiction (‘the Area’), the Opinion has wider relevance for both int...