Abstract This article is the first of three projected IUPAC Technical Reports resulting from Project 2011-037-2-100 (Reference Materials for Phase Equilibrium Studies). The goal this project to select reference systems with critically evaluated property values validation instruments and techniques used in phase equilibrium studies mixtures. report proposes seven liquid–liquid studies, covering ...

A semi-empirical equation of state has been studied for modelling vapour-liquid data of pure substances. The specific molecular based equation of state is employed here as basis because of its mathematical simplicity. The semi-empirical extension has been accomplished to real fluids by correlating the density dependence of the attraction term to vapour liquid data of a reference fluid. The resu...

RNA molecules in living cells form what look like liquid droplets formed by liquid/liquid phase separation. But unlike the molecules in conventional phase separating mixtures, RNA molecules are transported by molecular motors that consume energy and so are out of equilibrium. Motivated by this we consider what sort of simple rules for the dynamics of model mRNA molecules lead to liquid/liquid p...

We present Thermobar, a new open-source Python3 package for calculating pressures, temperatures, and melt compositions from mineral mineral-melt equilibrium. Thermobar allows users to perform calculations with >100 popular parametrizations involving liquid, olivine-liquid, olivine-spinel, pyroxene only, pyroxene-liquid, two pyroxene, feldspar-liquid, feldspar, amphibole amphibole-liquid, gar...

A droplet placed in a liquid-liquid solution is expected to grow, or shrink, in time as approximately t;{1/2}. In this Letter, we report experimental evidence that when the composition in the interface is far from thermodynamic equilibrium due to the nonideality of the mixture, a droplet shrinks as approximately t. This scaling is due to the coupling between mass and momentum transfer known as ...

We present a general algorithm for calculating the spatial variation of the shear viscosity and thermal conductivity through an equilibrium solid-liquid interface using the zero-flux version of the boundary fluctuation theory. In the case of an equilibrium interface between a high melting point Lennard-Jones solid and a low melting point Lennard-Jones liquid, we find that the transport coeffici...

Ammoniated electrons exist in solutions of potassium amide in liquid ammonia which have reached thermodynamic equilibrium with hydrogen gas. By determining electron concentrations by electron spin resonance, an equilibrium constant of 10(5) at room temperature has been obtained.