Four experiments investigated discrimination learning when the duration of the intertrial interval (ITI) signaled whether or not the next conditional stimulus (CS) would be paired with food pellets. Rats received presentations of a 10-s CS separated half the time by long ITIs and half the time by short ITIs. When the long ITI signaled that the CS would be reinforced and the short interval signa...

the production, distribution, and consumption of information are the most important development indices of any nation. plenty of opportunities were created by e-learning which have overall paved the grounds for and enriched the presentation of learning materials through advanced audiovisual educational facilities. such learning environments are by and large flexible and provide more appropriate...