We develop a detailed and comprehensive description of neutrino oscillations driven by the 1-3 mixing in the matter of the Earth. The description is valid for the realistic (PREM) Earth density profile in the whole range of nadir angles and for neutrino energies above 1 GeV. It can be applied to oscillations of atmospheric and accelerator neutrinos. The results are presented in the form of neut...

We have examined the dust photoelectric heating in the intergalactic medium (IGM). The heating rate in a typical radiation field of the IGM is represented by Γpe = 1.2 × 10 erg s cm (D/10) (nH/10 cm) (JL/10 −21 erg s cm Hz sr) (T/10 K), where D is the dust-to-gas mass ratio, nH is the hydrogen number density, JL is the mean intensity at the hydrogen Lyman limit of the background radiation, and ...