AIM Swedish studies have shown that experience of using snus is associated with an increased probability of being a former smoker. We examined whether this result is also found in Norway. DESIGN   Seven cross-sectional data sets collected during the period 2003-08. SETTING Norway. PARTICIPANTS A total of 10, 441 ever (current or former) smokers. MEASUREMENTS Quit ratios for smoking were...

Overview Over the past 50 years, motivation theorists have generally agreed that implicit motives represent capacities to experience specific classes of incentives as rewarding Achievement) find pleasure in mastering challenging tasks; individuals high in the need for power (n Power) get a kick out of having impact on others; and individuals high in the need for affiliation (n Affiliation) enjo...

We outline a design based theory of motive processing and attention, including: multiple motivators operating asynchronously, with limited knowledge, processing abilities and time to respond. Attentional mechanisms address these limits using processes diiering in complexity and resource requirements, in order to select which motivators to attend to, how to attend to them, how to achieve those a...