Studies on talker normalization have reported that contexts would affect how a vowel/consonant/tone is perceived, which suggests that listeners use cues in the context as a reference for speech perception. However, it is unclear how the cues of the context are encoded in memory, and to what extent the context effects are influenced by interruption in sensory memory and reduction in attentional ...

Abstract: An exact solution method in terms of an infinite power series is developed for linear ordinary differential equations with polynomial coefficients. The method is general and applicable to a wide range of equations of any Nth order presented in normal form. The final solution is defined by a linear combination of S functions fj(x) j=1,...,S expressed in the form of a power series, and ...

For a nonlinear system with a control input, a generalized form of the homological equation can be formulated to reduce the system to its normal form. In this paper, it has been shown that for a linearly controllable system with an appropriate choice of state feedback, the generalized homological equation can be solved to give an explicit solution, of a reduced order, to the problem of second o...

The paper describes the design and development of NORMIT, an Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) that teaches database normalization to university students. NORMIT is a Web-enabled system, and we discuss its architecture and techniques used to deal with multiple students. We also discuss Constraint-Based Modeling (CBM), the underlying student and domain modelling approach. NORMIT is the first in...

Governments sometimes need to analyse sets of research papers within a field in order to monitor progress, assess the effect of recent policy changes, or identify areas of excellence. They may compare the average citation impacts of the papers by dividing them by the world average for the field and year. Since citation data is highly skewed, however, simple averages may be too imprecise to robu...

In the therapy of the hearing impaired one of the key problems is how to deal with the lack of proper auditive feedback which impedes the development of intelligible speech. The effectiveness of the therapy relies heavily on accurate phoneme recognition. Because of the environmental difficulties, simple recognition algorithms may have a weak classification performance, so various techniques suc...

Electromyograms used to assess neuromuscular demand during high-velocity tasks require normalization to aid interpretation. This paper posits that, to date, methodological approaches to normalization have been ineffective and have limited the application of electromyography (EMG). There is minimal investigation seeking alternative normalization methods, which must be corrected to improve EMG ap...

This paper deals with normalization of language data from Early New High German. We describe an unsupervised, rule-based approach which maps historical wordforms to modern wordforms. Rules are specified in the form of context-aware rewrite rules that apply to sequences of characters. They are derived from two aligned versions of the Luther bible and weighted according to their frequency. Applyi...

This study constitutes the first attempt at combining vowel normalization procedures with the linguistic perception framework of Stochastic Optimality Theory [1] and the Gradual Learning Algorithm [2]. Virtual learners possessing different normalization procedures, and a control learner with no normalization, were trained to perceive Brazilian Portuguese and American English vowels. Our results...