recent versions of international high-stakes tests like toefl and ielts have made use of integrated tasks in addition to the traditional independent tasks in a claim to provide a more realistic estimation of the test takers’ language abilities. the present study aimed to investigate how test takers’ performance may differ on such tasks. as such, the test takers’ performance was compared on ielt...

For the first time, this study combined models and principles of authentic assessment from two parallel fields of applied linguistics as well as general education to investigate the authenticity of the TOEFL iBT speaking module. The study consisted of two major parts, namely task analysis and task survey. Utilizing Bachman and Palmer’s (1996) definition of authenticity, the task analysis examin...

The present study investigated the effect of pragmatic eliciting tasks on EFL pre-intermediate learners speaking proficiency. Thus this study aimed at comparing the English language learners who practiced pragmatic eliciting tasks and the ones who used traditional speaking activities such as questions and answers, discussion, etc. In doing so, 40 learners out of 80 were selected through Oxford ...

frbrizing opacs is viewed from two different angles: the system approach and the user approach. the first deals with different requirements of a system to be frbrized automatically. the second regards the user as the integral element which any system attempts to serve. due to the very huge number of marc records stored in our opac databases, data mining marc records to find different frbr entit...

background: nowadays, the health work decision makers need to analyze a huge amount of data and consider many conflicting evaluation criteria and sub-criteria. therefore, an ergonomic evaluation in the work environment in order to the control occupational disorders is considered as the multi criteria decision making (mcdm) problem. in this study, the ergonomic risks factors, which may influence...

background : although many studies have been performed on occupational and industrial musculoskeletal disorders in iran, small scale industries have been less studied and evaluated. the purpose of this study was to perform an ergonomic assessment of handicraft workers in isfahan, iran, using the assessment of repetitive tasks (art) tool in 2015. methods: this descriptive-analytical and cross-se...

the purpose of this research was to analyze efl writing tasks in two of the most popular english for speakers of other languages (esol) exam preparation courses in iran, namely ielts and toefl. having collected the criteria of writing task appropriateness in light of the process-oriented approach to writing instruction, we asked 60 learner participants to rate efl writing tasks in 3 ielts and 3...