knowledge of virus and replication kinetic is one of the most important issues in the vaccine production. the present study aimed to evaluate the best harvesting time of h9n2 avian influenza virus (aiv) vaccine strain inoculated in specific pathogen free (spf) embryonated chicken eggs (ece)s. for this purpose, 10-5 dilution of aiv (a/chicken/iran/99/h9n2) was inoculated into 336, 11-day old ece...

previous studies have shown antiviral effect of echinacea and elderberry preparations against human influenza viruses in vitro. to investigate the in vivo antiviral effect of these herbs on avian h9n2 influenza virus, amantadine and two standardized commercial extracts of echinacea purpurea (ef) and sambucus nigra (sam) were used in broiler chickens infected with h9n2 strain of the virus. ef, s...

abstract iris yellow spot virus (iysv) is one of the important pathogens of onion in reported countries. host range of this virus is very wide and transmitted by onion thrips (thrips tabaci). in survey that was conducted in summer 2006 in onion fields of mashhad, samples with viral symptoms and high population of thrips have been collected. since the symptoms were similar to iysv, special antis...

two different viruses were isolated from sugar beet growing areas in karaj, which caused mosaic symptoms. collected samples were classified in two different groups. the host range of the first group was confined to some species in chenopodiaceae and amaranthaceae families. the sap of infected plants reacted positively with beet mosaic virus antisera in ouchterlony double-diffusion test. electro...

background: approximately 600,000 deaths occur every year as a result of the acute and chronic consequences of hepatitis b virus infection. ten different hepatitis b virus genotypes have been identified with distinct geographical distributions. different clinical outcomes, including the rate of mutations, development of hepatocellular carcinoma, chronicity, response to treatment, transplantatio...

background: sodium valproate, an anticonvulsant drug, is reported to stimulate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human cytomegalovirus replication. since epileptic patients undergoing sodium valproate therapy may suffer from various virus infections, the effect of this drug on replication of viruses especially those affecting neuronal tissues such as herpes simplex virus type 1 is worthy ...