In order to achieve energy and climate goals, resource efficiency are considered a key measure. Limit-value-oriented methods such as the exergy analysis physical optimum method used show limits of improvement. this context, represents theoretical ideal reference process. Despite their similarities, no comprehensive comparison has been carried out yet. Thus, purpose study is close gap by examini...

The investigation of the defect chemistry solid oxides is central importance for understanding redox processes. This can be performed by measuring conductivity as a function oxygen partial pressure, which conventionally established using buffer gas mixtures or pumps based on zirconia. However, this approach has some limitations, such difficulty regulating pressure in intermediate-pressure regio...