In the globalized knowledge economy, the challenge of translating knowledge into policy and practice is universal. At the dawn of the 21st century, the clinicians, leaders, and managers of health care organizations are increasingly required to bridge the research-practice gap. A shift from moving evidence to solving problems is due. However, despite a vast literature on the burgeoning field of ...

personalized medicine is significantly changing the fundamentals of healthcare. genetic diagnostic tests are used in various parts of medicine – from initial screening to the diagnosis and finally treatment. investigations in fields of drug development indicate that oncology may lead other therapeutic areas in the number of targeted therapies on the marketplace as well as in the pipeline, expec...

many researchers and authorities in the field of international relations agree on the issue that one of the factors to make relations between and among governments in through traders and exchanging goods among people of different lands, and as human societies develop in different fields, the economic affair and trades of these countries expand and develop, as well.  thus, they, in turn, have ha...

background although there is a general agreement on the benefits of evidence informed health policy development given resource constraints especially in low-income countries (lics), the definition of what evidence is, and what evidence is suitable to guide decision-making is still unclear. our study is contributing to filling this knowledge gap. we aimed to explore health policy actors’ views r...

Decision making plays an important role in economics, psychology, philosophy, mathematics, statistics and many other fields. In each field, decision making consists of identifying the values, uncertainties and other issues that define the decision. In any field, the nature of the decisions is affected by environmental characteristics. In this paper, we are considered the production planning pro...