Recently (Cérou et al., 2002) developed an elegant factorization of rare event probabilities appearing in diffusion processes and other strong Markov processes, and a sequential Monte Carlo simulation approach to estimate the factorized rare event probability. The paper extends this approach towards rarely switching diffusions, and demonstrates the effectiveness for a simple example. Copyright ...

The Least Mean Square algorithm has been used for estimation of auto regressive processes before [1]. Here in, a modified LMS algorithm is presented that can be used for estimation of processes with high correlation. Board level experiments are carried out to test the effectiveness of the algorithm in active noise cancellation. Results are summarized in the end.

The paper focuses on fault-tolerant distributed computations where processes can take local checkpoints without coordinating with each other. Several distributed on-line algorithms are presented which avoid roll-back propagation by forcing additional local checkpoints in processes. The effectiveness of the algorithms is evaluated in several application examples, showing their limited capability...

We propose an "efficacy-to-effectiveness" (E2E) clinical trial design, in which an effectiveness trial would commence seamlessly upon completion of the efficacy trial. Efficacy trials use inclusion/exclusion criteria to produce relatively homogeneous samples of participants with the target condition, conducted in settings that foster adherence to rigorous clinical protocols. Effectiveness trial...

E-commerce systems must react in real-time to user inputs and business rules. For the purpose of redocumentation, static analysis is often adopted to recover business processes implemented in ecommerce systems. However, static analysis fails to recover the complete tasks in business processes due to the dynamic nature of e-commerce systems. To improve the accuracy of recovered business processe...

In low and middle income countries, health workers are essential for the delivery of health interventions. However, inadequate health-worker performance is a very widespread problem. We present an overview of issues and evidence about the determinants of performance and strategies for improving it. Health-worker practices are complex behaviours that have many potential influences. Reviews of in...

The article by Oortwijn, Jansen, and Baltussen (OJB) is much more important than it appears because, in the absence of any good general theory of “evidence-informed deliberative processes” (EDP) and limited evidence of how they might be shaped and work in institutionalising health technology assessment (HTA), the best approach seems to be to accumulate the experience of...

This chapter gives an overview of benefit-cost analysis (BCA) and similar evaluation tools, such as cost-effectiveness analysis and technology-based standards, in the context of public health. We describe these evaluation tools, how they are used, their shortcomings, and how they should be interpreted. As with other powerful tools, they are subject to misuse and misinterpretation, even by profe...