Stored in the Hermitage collection are two Qajar Iran photo albums, datable to 1890s. One of them, recently acquired for Oriental Department, includes works created studio Antoin Sevruguin (1851–1933), one most famous artists and court photographer Nasir al-Din Shah. The first owner prints, who remained unknown, made this commission not earlier than May 1896. second album is stored Library Depa...

in this article naser al-din shah’s accounts of travels to europe (safar-nameh) have bee examined and criticised in a discourse analysis approach. by using this approach, attention has been paid to linguistic factors, co-text and context of the situation (social, cultural, political and historical), and institutional position, as well as the writer's attitude which has been effective in informi...

the early twentieth-century nationalist discourse in iran reviled, on the one hand, a qajar hegemony on account of an exhausted “manifest destiny,” and lauded, on the other, a discourse of masculinity that assumed moral responsibility to protect the imaginary “geobody” of iran. in this paper i examine how this discourse of patriotism resonates through mehdi akhavan-sales’s poem “this autumn in ...

abstract the qajar dynasty was a time of civil wars as well as the wars against russia, meanwhile, qajarid shahs, understanding the power of sublime art both in internal and external political relations, tried to expand and renew the style of the mural decorations which is the issue of this article. increasing the relations with european countries like england and france, fath ali shah and his ...

contrary to other jewish communities of iran, kashan’s jewish community has undergone positive social and political developments during qajar period. although they could never enjoy equal social privileges as citizens, in comparison to other iranian jews and comparing the safavid period, they made considerable achievements in social relationships and political experience. the present research f...

the present article is to analyze the history of the two dutch companies were activate in the field of import and export. one of them is hotz & zoon that we would offer its managers' biographies alongside many of their original initiatives the iranian further developments owe them. then, the history of iran's first real department-store (the teheran toko) as well as three dutch retail...

Day lighting is one of the important qualitative factors in housing, which is also effective on health and well-being of occupants. Extensive glass surfaces and Transparency in building facades provides good daylight quantity for interior spaces. However, this lighting system is not appropriate for climates faced with higher sunlight radiation (Such as hot-humid areas), due to overheating and d...