Introduction: Posttraumatic stress disorder is a severe anxiety disorder caused by exposure to traumatic events. The aim of this study was to induce PTSD in rats and examine the effect of WIN55-212-2, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, on anxiety. Methods: SPS&S model was used to induce PTSD in 56 male Wistar rats. Rats were restrained for 2 h, immediately followed by forced swimming for 20 mi...

this article investigates father's role in child and adolescent psychopathology. the role of mother has been studied extensively, but the father's role in child psychopathology has been studied much less and is limited to what has been done in the past few decades. this article reviews some of the studies regarding father's role in child and adolescent psychopathology, namely att...

separation anxiety disorder (sad) is the most commonly diagnosed and impairing childhood anxiety disorder. given that sad symptoms in early childhood have been linked to later psychopathology, early identification and treatment of it is critical. the aim of the present study was the examination of validity and reliability of separation anxiety assessment scale-parent version (saas-p) (hahn, haj...

the current study aims at the comparative analysis of the religious copping, optimism, and social physique anxiety between the disabled and the normal people.  as for the methodology of this comparative analysis, 60 gorgani people, 30 disabled and 30 normal people, were chosen through systematic random sampling in 1395 taken from the names of those disabled who were registered in the welfare or...

failures and contradictions of life cause confusion and disrupt personality structure of ego. under such conditions, human psychological defense system is activated to overcome anxiety which threats the ego and to recover one's calmness. seyyed qotb and shahriar have also infected by anxiety and unfavorable excitements in their lives, because of individual, social, political,…, factors. si...

Objectives: This present study aims to examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral-based stress management training on anxiety in female MS patients. Methods: This study employed a semi-experimental research method with pre-test post-test, control group and random assignment. The statistical population fully consisted of female MS patients referred to the Iran MS association in 2014, f...

S ome social phobias are clearly genuine mental disorders. However, in just 2 decades, social phobia (or social anxiety disorder) went from “rare” (in the DSM-III) to “common” (1), amidst changing criteria and concern about caseness thresholds (2). The evidence suggests that social anxiety is a normal, species-typical, designed response to specific triggering situations, one that is roughly nor...

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association of metacognitive beliefs and perfectionism with test anxiety among students.  Methods: The present study was a cross sectional research. Study population comprised all male and female students of Kermanshah City. A total of 440 students (200 males and 240 females, aged 17-18 years) in the third or fourth grade ...

The aim of this study was to validate the Dutch version of the Kessler-10 (K10) as well as an extended version (EK10) in screening for depressive and anxiety disorders in primary care. Data are from 1,607 participants (18 through 65 years, 68.8% female) of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), recruited from 65 general practitioners. Participants completed the K10, extended w...