BACKGROUND Preventive care has an essential role in reducing income-related health inequalities. Despite a general consensus of the need of shifting focus from disease treatment to wellness and prevention, little is known about inequalities in access to preventive care in China. Our study aimed to explore the inequalities in preventive care usage and factors that were associated with such inequ...

OBJECTIVE To describe regional trends in premature mortality in Manitoba. DESIGN Comparison of all-cause and cause-specific mortality of persons less than age 75 in 11 Regional Health Authority populations over two time periods: 1985-89 and 1990-94. RESULTS The provincial premature mortality rate declined over the two time periods (4.00/1,000 to 3.72/1,000). Declines were also observed in 9...

if global trade were fair, it is argued, then international aid would be unnecessary and inequalities inherent to the economic system would be justifiable. here, we argue that while global trade is unfair, in part because richer countries set the rules, we believe that additional interventions must go beyond trade regulation and short-term aid to redress inequalities among countries that will p...

Let P be a linear, elliptic second order symmetric operator, with an associated quadratic form q, and let W be a potential such that the Hardy inequality λ0 ∫ Ω Wu 2 ≤ q(u) holds with (non-negative) best constant λ0. We give sufficient conditions so that the spectrum of the operator 1 W P is [λ0,∞). In particular, we apply this to several well-known Hardy inequalities: (improved) Hardy inequali...

We find sufficient conditions for a probability measure μ to satisfy an inequality of the type ∫ Rd fF ( f ∫ Rd f 2 dμ ) dμ ≤ C ∫ Rd f2c∗ ( |∇f | |f | ) dμ + B ∫ Rd f dμ, where F is concave and c (a cost function) is convex. We show that under broad assumptions on c and F the above inequality holds if for some δ > 0 and ε > 0 one has ∫ ε 0 Φ ( δc [ tF ( 1t ) Iμ(t) ]) dt <∞, where Iμ is the isop...

Given an arbitrary Petri net structure which may have uncontrollable and unobservable transitions and may be unbounded, the procedure described in this paper generates a supervisor for liveness enforcement. The supervisor is specified as a conjunction of linear marking inequalities. For all initial markings satisfying the linear marking inequalities, the supervised Petri net is live. Moreover, ...

This paper examined the association between individual and local level factors and the number of antenatal care visits completed by women in Colombia using data from the 2010 Colombian Demographic and Health Survey and multilevel logistic regression models. Our findings suggest that, in addition to maternal socioeconomic status, contextual factors influence whether pregnant women complete the m...

The paper presents a spatial microsimulation approach to the analysis of health inequalities. A dynamic spatial microsimulation model of Britain, under development at the Universities of Leeds and Sheffield, uses data from the censuses of 1971, 1981 and 1991 and the British Household Panel Survey to simulate urban and regional populations in Britain. Geographical information systems and spatial...