The control and prevention of infectious diseases through immunization is one of the greatest achievements of modern medicine since Edward Jenner pioneered smallpox vaccination. However, future challenges in improving the efficacy of existing vaccines, development of new prophylactic vaccines for infectious diseases and therapeutic immunization for noninfectious diseases require extensive work ...

Background and aims: IL-22 is an alpha- helical cytokine. IL-22 binds to a heterodimeric cell surface receptor composed of IL-10R2 and IL-22R1subunits. IL-22R is expressed on tissue cells, and it is absent on immune cells. L-22 and IL-10 receptor chains play a role in cellular targeting and signal transduction to selectively initiate and regulate immune responses. The aim of this study was to i...

Cellular immune responses are of high importance in initiating and maintaining immunity against virus infections. Whereas the cellular immune response during persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is well assessable, the individual contribution of CD4 and CD8 T cell responses during primary infection has not been described. A novel whole-blood assay, which relies on the flow-cytometric dete...

a complete diet (total mixed ration) with sorghum stover (40%) as sole roughage source was prepared and offered to animals under two forms: as mash or as expanded-extruded pellets (eep). these two complete diets were compared with a conventional diet (ad libitum chopped sorghum stover fed separately with concentrate mixture to meet 80% of protein requirements). these three diets were randomly a...

a 42-day study was conducted to evaluate the influence of full-fat flaxseed (fs) and canola seed (cs) on broiler performance, fatty acid (fa) profile of meat, serum lipid content and antibody response to sheep red blood cells antigen (srbc). a total of 324 one-day-old chicks were attributed to 6 experimental groups. c: control (soybean-corn); cs1:7.5% cs; cs2:15% cs; cs-fs:10% fs + 10% cs; fs1:...

this study was conducted to determine the effects of adding ethanol extract of propolis (eep) and cumin essential oil (ceo) to diets of broiler chicks on the performance, blood parameters, immune response and carcass traits. a total of 240 day-old ross-308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four treatments with six replicates and 10 birds in each replicate in a completely randomized desi...

auto-inflammatory syndromes are a new group of distinct hereditable disorders characterized by episodes of seemingly unprovoked inflammation (most commonly in skin, joints, gut, and eye), the absence of a high titer of auto-antibodies or auto-reactive t cells, and an inborn error of innate immunity. a narrative literature review was carried out of studies related to auto-inflammatory syndromes ...

background: myocardial dysfunction is one of the major complications in patients with sepsis where there is a relationship between the blood level of cytokines and the onset of myocardial depression. in many cases of sepsis, the presence of lipopolysaccharide (lps) has been established. lps binding protein (lbp) bound endotoxin is recognized by cd14/toll-like receptor-4 (tlr4) complexes in inna...

Transcriptional regulatory networks (TRN) control the underlying mechanisms behind cellular functions and they are defined by a set of core transcription factors regulating cascades of peripheral genes. Here we report SPI1, CEBPA, MNDA and IRF8 as core transcription factors of monocyte TRN and demonstrate functional inductions of phagocytosis, inflammatory response and chemotaxis activities in ...