BACKGROUND Understanding the relationship between the age of a forest stand and its biomass is essential for managing the forest component of the global carbon cycle. Since biomass increases with stand age, postponing harvesting to the age of biological maturity may result in the formation of a large carbon sink. This article quantifies the carbon sequestration capacity of forests by suggesting...

Co-firing biomass plants are of extensive demand due to utilization of both agricultural residues (main) and natural gas (stand-by). Researchers have shown that one strategic decision in establishment of agricultural residues based plants, is location optimization problem. Moreover, mismatch between agricultural lands and biomass plants can lead to high transportation costs and related carbon d...

the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationshipbetween the mutual funds flows and the return of stock index using 65mutual funds in the period of 2008 to 2011.in this study, the dailychanges of the total number of units of mutual funds and the changesof the total values of units of mutual funds were considered as acriteria for the net of mutual funds flows. the results of johansen ...

Commercial fishing generally removes large and old individuals from fish stocks, reducing mean age and age diversity among spawners. It is feared that these demographic changes lead to lower and more variable recruitment to the stocks. A key proposed pathway is that juvenation and reduced size distribution causes reduced ranges in spawning period, spawning location, and egg buoyancy; this is pr...

To improve fishery management, there is an increasing need to understand the long-term consequences of natural and anthropogenic climate variability for ecological systems. New England's iconic cod populations have been in decline for several decades and have recently reached unprecedented lows. We find that 17% of the overall decline in Gulf of Maine cod biomass since 1980 can be attributed to...

Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta E C O N O M I C R E V I E W First Quarter 2002 T he fraction of the U.S. population composed of the foreign-born reached 11 percent in 2000, the highest in seventy years. The large number of immigrants in the United States has prompted concern about possible negative effects on labor market outcomes among natives. Such concerns are particularly widespread among l...

The Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible flows past a two–dimensional sphere are considered in this article. The existence of an inertial form of the equations is established. Furthermore for the first time for fluid equations, we derive an upper bound on the dimension of the differential system (inertial manifold) which fully reproduces the infinite dimensional dynamics. This bound is ex...

1. Because of their longevity and skeletal phosphorus demand, vertebrates can have distinct influences on the uptake, storage and recycling of nutrients in ecosystems. Quantification of body stoichiometry, combined with estimates of abundance or biomass, can provide insights into the effect of vertebrates on nutrient cycling. 2. We measured the nutrient content and estimated the abundance and b...

Amid widespread reports of deforestation, some nations have nevertheless experienced transitions from deforestation to reforestation. In a causal relationship, the Forest Identity relates the carbon sequestered in forests to the changing variables of national or regional forest area, growing stock density per area, biomass per growing stock volume, and carbon concentration in the biomass. It qu...

Over the past five years we have investigated and used commercial fishing vessels and their associated acoustic hardware as platforms for acoustic surveying and data collection. During this period we developed an automated acoustic logging system that will simultaneously record data from the ship’s existing sounder, sonar, and navigation systems. The system was designed to be self contained and...