Anatomical changes of exposed tree roots are valuable tools to date erosion events, but the responses of diverse species under different types of erosion need still to be studied in detail. In this paper we analyze the histological changes that occur in roots of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) subjected to continuous denudation. A descriptive and quantitative study was conducted in the Senda S...

This paper deals with local buckling analysis of rectangular functionally graded material plates using finite strip method and based on classical plate theory. The modulus of elasticity of the plate is assumed to vary according to a power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The principle of minimum total potential energy is employed to obtain stiffness and sta...

Exact solutions are derived for sound radiation from four kinds of infinitely-long strips: namely a rigid strip in a baffle of finite width, a resilient strip in free space, and a resilient or rigid strip in an infinite baffle. In one limit, the strip in a finite baffle becomes a rigid strip in free space and in the other, a line source in a finite baffle. Here "rigid" means that the surface ve...

Acoustic Emission (AE) sensing technique is used as a tool for on-line monitoring of hydro-abrasive erosion (HAE) of pre-cracked multiphase materials. As reference materials, ®ve types of concrete materials were used for the experimental study. Compression tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties and the failure behavior of these materials. Erosion parameters, such as abrasiv...

Studies have been conducted to find Materials with microstructures which Minimize the formation of blisters. A promising class of materials appears to be sintered metal powder with small average grain sizes and low atomic number Z. Studies of the surface erosion of sintered aluminum powder (SAP 895) and of aluminum held at AOO'C due to blistering by 100 keV helium ions have been conducted and t...

Visual simulation of natural erosion on terrains with granular matter, like sand, soil or gravel has been a fascinating research topic in the field of computer graphics for a long time. Ability of a fluid to drastically change internal structure or external shape of terrain is an important effect in nature. While there are many particle based algorithms to improve process of terrain erosion, on...

In this paper we consider a two dimensional strip packing problem. The problem consists of packing a set of rectangular items in one strip of width W and infinite height. They must be packed without overlapping, parallel to the edge of the strip and we assume that the items are oriented, i.e. they cannot be rotated. To solve this problem, we use three exact methods: a branch and bound method, a...

In this paper we establish a general algorithmic framework between bin packing and strip packing, with which we achieve the same asymptotic bounds by applying bin packing algorithms to strip packing. More precisely we obtain the following results: (1) Any offline bin packing algorithm can be applied to strip packing maintaining the same asymptotic worst-case ratio. Thus using FFD (MFFD) as a su...