1. The Issue Of recent changes in linguistic theory, the shift from derivations to constraints is among the most substantive. Central to this is Optimality Theory (OT; Prince & Smolenksy 1993), which – unlike, e.g., Chomsky & Lasnik’s Filters or Pān. ini’s As.t.ādhyāȳı – claims that structural well-formedness (grammaticality) is enforced by sharply conflicting, mutually incompatible constraints...

Adapting to changing task demands is one of the hallmarks of human cognition. According to an influential theory, the conflict monitoring theory, the adaptation of information processing occurs in a context-sensitive manner in that conflicts signal the need for control recruitment. Starting from the conflict monitoring theory, here the authors discuss the role of affect in the context of confli...

A theory that helps us begin to examine the legal order critically is the one I call the social reality of crime. Applying this theory, we think of crime as it is affected by the dynamics that mold the society’s social, economic, and political structure. First, we recognize how criminal law fits into capitalist society. The legal order gives reality to the crime problem in the United States. Ev...

THE WIDENING SCOPE OF PSYCHOANALYTIC TREATMENT HAS initiated a controversy in psychoanalytic theory and technique. Central to this controversy is the issue of the place of the self in psychoanalytic theory. Two broad and apparently antithetical positions have been taken. The first position is that radical revision of psychoanalytic theory is necessary to account for new data relating to the sel...

Recently, the news media has reported the deaths of many young, unarmed African-American males who have been killed by police officers who have not been held criminally-responsible for their actions. These events have ignited social tensions, served as a topic of debate for presidential candidates, as well as sparked the Black Lives Matters Movement. Furthermore, when there has been public outc...

The visual-vestibular conflict theory asserts that visual-vestibular conflicts reduce vection and that vection strength is reduced with an increasing discrepancy between actual and expected vestibular activity. Most studies support this theory, although researchers have not always accepted them. To ascertain the conditions under which the theory of the visual-vestibular conflict can be applied,...

Grinband et al., 2011 compare evidence that they have collected from a neuroimaging study of the Stroop task with a simulation model of performance and conflict in that task, and interpret the results as providing evidence against the theory that activity in dorsal medial frontal cortex (dMFC) reflects monitoring for conflict. Here, we discuss several errors in their methods and conclusions and...