Topographic and chemical mapping of materials at high resolution define the goals of a microscope. Force microscopy can provide methods for simultaneous topography and chemical characterization of materials. Here we describe the use of the atomic force microscope to map chemical variations of semiconductor samples. Chemical maps of semiconductor InP/InGaAs alloys have been determined with 3 nm ...

Magnetomotive force (mmf) Magnetomotive force is the flux producing ability of an electric current in a magnetic circuit. [It is something similar to electromotive force in an electric circuit]. [Unit of magnetomotive force is ampere (A)] Note: Although some books use the term ampere-turns, it is strictly not correct as turns is not a dimension] mmf I = Σ I Consider a coil having N turns as sho...

In this study, two CCCT diagrams are drawn to be compared with a CCT diagram. The CCCT diagrams represent continuous cooling transformations in stress assisted state. The increased Md and Bd temperatures of CCCT diagrams were also compared with those of the CCT diagrams and the cause was investigated from both thermodynamic and metallurgical viewpoints. Thermodynamic examinations revealed that ...

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is a genetic disease that causes pure cerebellar degeneration affecting walking, balance, and coordination. One of the main symptoms of SCA6 is dysmetria. The magnitude of dysmetria and its relation to functional capacity in SCA6 has not been studied. Our purpose was to quantify dysmetria and determine the relation between dysmetria and functional capacity i...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of the system tilt and back recline angles on the biomechanics of wheelchair propulsion for a group of older, disabled patients. It was hypothesized that increasing both the system tilt and backrest recline angles would have a positive effect on the biomechanical efficiency of manual wheelchair propulsion. DESIGN Three kinetic variables were estimated duri...

OBJECTIVES Acromegaly is a metabolic disorder caused by increased growth hormone secretion. As a consequence of acromegaly some typical craniofacial morphology changes appear. This pilot study was conducted to compare the bite force and the characteristic size and shape of the craniofacial components of acromegalic patients with the healthy Turkish individuals. In addition, the correlations bet...

The energy performance and radial force of a mixed flow pump with symmetrical and unsymmetrical tip clearance are investigated in this paper. As the tip clearance increases, the pump head and efficiency both decrease. The center of the radial force on the principal axis is located at the coordinate origin when the tip clearance is symmetrical, and moves to the third quadrant when the tip cleara...

The force between two parallel charged flat surfaces, with discrete surface charges, has been calculated with Monte Carlo simulations for different values of the electrostatic coupling. For low electrostatic coupling (small counterion valence, small surface charge, high dielectric constant, and high temperature) the total force is dominated by the entropic contribution and can be described by m...