Cost efficiency measures the cost of resource by output production. While conventional cost efficiency models set targets separately for each DMU, There are cases where the Central decision making is seeking the above targets, and at the same tries to obtain the target of Min cost efficiency for the total consumption. in this paper we consider that there is a centralized decision maker (DM). In...

introduction earth's atmosphere plays an important role in preventing the temperature decrease. one of the principal factors of environmental pollution and the main source of earth's climate and biodiversity changes is greenhouse gas emissions from various sources, particularly agricultural sector. agriculture sector is considered as a major source of greenhouse gas sequestration, including me...

the study focused on the analysis of production and marketing constraints of tomato among rural farmers in talensi nabdam district of upper east region of ghana.a total of 100 respondents were interviewed using questionnaire. data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe the socio economic characteristics of the farmers and kendall’s coefficient of concordance was used to rank the ...

Woodland sage (Salvia nemorosa) is an important native medicinal plant in Iran and is considered as a rich source of phenolic and flavonoids compounds. The present research was conducted with respect to the optimization of medium for biomass accumulation and secondary metabolite production in cell suspension culture of S. nemorosa. In this research the effects of total nitrogen content (0, 15, ...

four hundred and ninety five smallholder dairy farms in 52 villages of different cities in chaharmohal and bakhtiari province including 1321 lactating cows and totalling 2811 total mature cows (lactating and dry)were employed during winter 2009 to summer 2010 to estimate the economic opportunities as per cow in smallholder dairy farms. a questionnaire survey was employed to collect data from th...

ABSTRACT- Crop rotation has many benefits for agro-ecosystems production. In order to evaluate two current rotation systems of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Kamalabad region of Fasa, an experiment was conducted during 2015-2016 growing season. The rotation systems were fallow-wheat and cotton (Gossypium spp.)-wheat. Research plots were arranged as a randomized complete block design...

Factors affecting in vitro ruminal bacterial VFA production were examined. Treatments consisted of high and low initial pH (6.7, 5.7), osmolality (600, 400 mOsm) and concentrations of acetic (40, 0 mM) and propionic acids (20, 0 mM). Response variables measured included the production of acetic, propionic and total VFA, total gas and methane. Initial pH affected (P less than .05) most variables...